3.a1a Big Marine Sewer Utility Budget Report 1-5-2022
2022 Draft Utilities Budget Final Report
Big Marine Sewer Utility
Presented January 5, 2022
DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 1 of 9
What is the purpose of this report?
The Big Marine Sewer Utility, owned and operated by the City of Scandia, operates two community
septic systems, the Bliss Wastewater Treatment Plant (Collector) and the Anderson-Erickson
Treatment Plant (WWTP) or Collector. Both systems are community septic systems that treat
wastewater from user’s homes starting at the holding tank to finally discharging into drainfields at
the treatment sites. The treated effluent is returned into the water table.
This report is intended to both present the Utility’s 2022 Budget and to educate the public and
decision makers on pressing improvement needs and suggested financial strategies to address
them.
What does the Bliss sewage treatment system entail and how is it designed to operate?
The facility serves approximately 80 households within a defined service area that predominantly
services the Bliss Addition Neighborhood, but not the entirety of it. The facility processes around
7,000 gallons/day in winter and over 11,000 gallons/day in wet summer months. The total designed
capacity is said to be 19,800 gallons per day.
The 2040 Comprehensive Plan suggests that the system could be potentially used to support greater
residential densities and mixed-use commercial activity in the future. However, there are significant
barriers to this that would require us to take this into consideration. First, the system’s current
capacity would require more land and space to produce capacities. Second, the current zoning
density requirements preclude such developments from occurring until appropriate service capacity
is introduced. Both the Plan and the Development still currently limit density to four buildable
lots over a 40-acre area. Add financial limitations and the lack of political will, change is not likely to
be anytime soon. New ordinance controls and thoughtful zoning decisions will be the most
effective tool to keep this facility capacity compliant.
What does the Bliss Wastewater Treatment Nitrate Upgrade and & Primary Lift Station
Rehab Project entail, and why do we need to invest in it?
Earlier this year, the City Council approved a request to the State of Minnesota to obtain state
bonding grant assistance to help cover half of the total project cost of a major upgrade of the Bliss
Wastewater Treatment System on the west side of Big Marine Lake. The estimated $1.43 million
dollar project includes rehabilitation of the system's main lift station** (at approx. $430k), AKA Lift
Station #2, and, most significantly, the introduction of digester systems for the treatment and
reduction of nitrate nitrogen**, as part an unfunded state mandate (at approx. $1 mil).
The timing and extent of this project is not exactly ideal for our small utility of just around 111
customers between both systems. Given utility rates have not been historically set with consideration
of major long-range infrastructural costs, the utility is currently underprepared for major
infrastructural improvements such a recent unfunded state mandate to introduce nitrate treatment at
Bliss WWTP. The cash balance needed to cover a cost of this nature is not in the fund. At mid-year
the fund had $64,942.59, which is less than 90% of the cost of the mandated nitrate project.
Presented 1/5/2022
DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 2 of 9
However, the Big Marine Utility's outlook is not completely disparaging. Besides the hopeful
prospect of grant for 50% of the project through the State's bonding program, the City has also
received federal aid that is eligible for use on this upcoming major project. Earlier this year, the
City accepted American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds that, due to its limited permitted uses, are
most practically limited for use on improvements to sewer utility infrastructure and broadband
expansion.
The City Council has yet to make a determination on the allocation of these funds. As a result, this
year's new utility rate study has gone through several revisions to accommodate the funding
scenarios based on the receipt of outside funds. We also want to assemble an argument from the
Sewer Committee to support receipt of ARPA funds. My hope is that we can at least set forth a
recommendation this evening.
As a contingency to assure we make the project construction deadline in the spring of 2025, we have
also prepared an application to have the Bliss project added to the State's Project Priority List (PPL)
through the Public Facilities Authority (PFA). This request is critical both for the credibility of our
state bonding request and obtaining eligibility for possible forgivable loans for this project. (Of
which, based on the ranking that the State places on our project, the nitrate project could potentially
receive as much as 80% loan forgiveness for the nitrate treatment component. (Upgrades to other
infrastructure only qualify for low interest loans.) Here is a time line of action that has been laid out
for this project:
· Dec 2021 - Submit PPL application and scoring worksheet to MN Pollution Control Agency
(MPCA)
· Sept 2022 - We are required to submit a report based on our compliance track under the
permit’s mandate.
· Dec 2021 to March 4, 2022 - We will need to submit a “draft” Facilities Plan (FP) to
MPCA. (The draft plan work has been mostly completed as part of the renewal of the operator
permit for the facility.) Feedback is provided back to the City and Bolton & Mink as to any desired
adjustment or information for inclusion.
· June 3, 2022 - Submit request for placement on the Intended Use Plan (IUP) (This identifies
projects and activities that the PFA intends to fund from the Clean Water Revolving Fund (CWRF)
during the state fiscal year, which runs July 1 to June 30.
· June 30, 2022 - Preliminary approval of Facilities Plan by MPCA.
· Month of July 2022 - We then become eligible to submit our Point Source Implementation
Grant (PSIG) application to PFA.
· Then in Late September 2023 – the 2024 IUP and PSIG list adopted (starts 6-month P&S
clock) and we can submit engineered Plans and Specifications (P&S) and our loan application.
Seeking other grant funding from the state for this project, and future ones will be the most practical
way to improve our utilities without overly burdening our users. Even though the process remains
highly competitive, qualifying for state grant funding still presents prospects for potential grants and
loan forgiveness. In addition, the New federal Build Back Better legislation has the potential to
introduce more funding for these types of projects. It includes a provision in which 49% of
allocations will be intended to be offered in the form of grants and forgivable loans. The caveat for
obtaining such financing is that it may take years past to obtain a funding award.
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That is why ARPA funds and state bonding, which have no waiting lists, to close our funding
shortfall without significantly adversely affecting users or the utility’s cash position.
Can the City consider Special Assessments for the Bliss WWTP-Lift Station Project and
Other Future Projects?
Yes. The City can, at least partially finance this project through property assessment as both the
WWTP and lift station are statutorily eligible (Mn § 429.021). (Coincidentally, the statute also
suggests that the special assessment process can be utilized for internet expansion, as well.) Special
assessments can be a dependable source of revenue to cover project costs, a means to avoid taking
on additional debt, and most importantly, it helps distribute the cost of the benefit directly to
benefactors. This financing mechanism may be best suited for service mains and tank replacements,
though.
Consideration of special assessments may be worth investigating, but I am not confident that it will
yield the share of revenue we need to bring the utility into a financially stable condition. It also fails
to help ease the financial impacts on utility users.
The following are a few important points that should be considered with regard to assessments:
· It is likely virtually impossible to assess 100% of the cost short of receiving waiver agreements
from all affected property owners. It is more likely that only a portion may be eligible. The State
Supreme Court has developed a “special benefit test” for special assessments, which implies that the
cost of the improvement must not exceed the benefit to affected property owners. Benefits are
considered based on the estimated impact to market value. In general, there are two ways
communities have approached this test and successfully avoided legal challenges to the Minnesota
Property Tax Court:
o The first option is to assess only a smaller portion of effective owners in a
uniform fashion. This often weakens instances of challenges, but the key is that the
assessment needs to be at least within the projected market value of the benefit.
o The second and more reliable method of limiting challenges is to hire a licensed
appraiser to value the effect of improvements on benefiting properties. The
challenge can be that such appraisals can be tricky when valuations need be made on
improvements that do not directly abut or encroach on property. The quality of the
appraisal will need to be able to stand on its own merits, as legal challenges can often
include a counter appraisal. The only times I have seen an appraiser willing to make
such a valuation is when they can actually identify valuations that were done for
similar type improvements.
· Consider asking yourself these questions…if an upgrade was made to the community
wastewater treatment system that served your home, how much more would you expect a buyer to
offer by way of value? How much more would you be willing except for such an
enhancement? These questions are what are at the center of an appraisal. Given it is difficult for
most any average person to come up with a value for this on their own, it stresses the challenges
faced by this approach.
This is why assessments are often applied to more directly tangible improvements that serve a home
directly, like utility service mains and street frontages which have more outwardly tangible impacts to
the property.
Presented 1/5/2022
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· The City’s Liability Insurance through LMCIT does not cover the costs of litigation that seeks
only to reduce or invalidate a special assessment. The cost of this defense will fall directly on the
Utility and the City.
· Besides possible appraisal costs, there will be costs to computation and the initial
administration and formulation of the special assessments. These costs may be negligible, but it’s
worth the City consulting a financial advisor to see if it would be worthwhile to include assessments
within this project’s financing when considering all of the variables before committing to it. It may
also be helpful to get the City’s Engineer’s impressions on the practicality of developing an
assessment that could stand up to community challenge, as they often perform assessment
computations.
· Assessment for the Bliss Project will require being limited to customers served by that system,
which would more fairly distribute the benefit to the 80 affected properties. Distributing the cost
fully over the affected property owners at the full cost of $1.43 Million would be $17,875 per
property. Applying only 20% of that cost would be $3,575 for $286,000. So, not taking into
account any of the unknown implementation costs, this may be a viable option to offset a portion of
the financial impact. This may reduce the likelihood of a challenge, but again, it does not place us in
the free and clear way to quantify a market value.
· Assessments do require a funding contingency plan if a challenge is successfully made if part or
all of the cost is overturned. Thoughtful consideration of payback terms and the setting of interest
rates for assessments should also be made. The maximum 30-year payback would NOT be
conducive to the utility’s cashflow or the timing of other projects under its capital
plan. Additionally, interest rates should reflect the interest on the direct project’s debt or interest
rates the city would have received in its normal investment process. This is where consulting an
advisor could be helpful.
· Given the utility’s limited cash balance, the timing of payment will necessitate temporarily
drawing on City cash reserves (fund balance) between funds to cover immediate short-term project
costs. Prolonged payback of a significant amount of funds will require interfund loans or debt
service financing. This is important to consider when weighing the term of assessment.
How should we approach project funding?
What every financing option that is ultimately selected will require coordination with grant deadlines
and the end of next year’s legislative session. If we do ultimately receive a bonding request for 2023,
our next attempt should be to get ranked for an award on the PPL in advance of our project
completion deadline.
The costs that are being incurred now should have been collected in the rates leading up to today.
Given the City is responsible for the operation of this utility, it is actively working to obtain relief for
utility users that does not draw upon the property taxes of those who do not use this system. To that
end, the city is actively seeking grant opportunities that can help reduce impacts including applying
for direct state bonding requests to potentially cover half of the Bliss Project’s cost.
The project will likely be funded through a combination of utility rates, state and/or federal funding,
and debt service financing.
Presented 1/5/2022
DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 5 of 9
The allocation of ARPA funds could relieve an even more substantial step closer to the financial
position it should be in far less time and with less burdensome impacts on users by way of rate
increases or special assessments. Alternative funding scenarios in this budget suggest the benefits to
this approach.
What does the Anderson-Erikson sewage treatment system entail and how is it designed to
operate?
The Anderson-Erickson System, which serves 33 homes on the eastside of lake as part of the Big
Marine Lake Utility, is also in need of significant capital investment. Although the issues remain
only at emergent levels, it should not to be ignored. The system is not triggering any compliance
issues as of yet with either the state or Washington County, there is still a reasonable likelihood that
issues may come on the horizon. In wet summer months, the facility has exceeded daily permitted
flows in multiple events. Regardless of these constantly obvious operational issues, there have
been no changes to the treatment design since construction. The maximum treatment design of
6,700 gallons/day was originally intended to serve only 15 properties of which many served as
seasonal residences.
Since the system was built, the neighborhood has undergone a significant transformation. Many
seasonal cabins are now in year-round use, and many of them have been replaced and/or enlarged
that have dramatically impacted service demand. The system officially serves 33 properties.
Given sump pump inspections and smoke tests have failed to identify point sources of illegal
discharges or inflow-infiltration (I&I), a facility plan is the logical next step. Avoiding system
overloading is critical because it can risk system failure and costly replacement and relocation costs.
It is highly recommended to build out capacity to the point where the system can serve the
properties within its service area and have the capacity to handle the I&I that we are unable to
mitigate. Upgrading the system to provide services at the level of Bliss will come with greater cost
and more operational challenges under a state permit, which would likely include a requirement to
introduce nitrogen and phosphorus treatment processes similar to that of Bliss.
New legislative limits in the City Code will go a long way to protect this system from failure, but it
will not be enough. Capacity improvements will be necessary to prevent system overloading and
more legislative control on development will be required to prevent development with service
demand levels harmful to the system, and in turn, the other properties served.
Presented 1/5/2022
DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 6 of 9
20212022202320242025202620272028202920302031% Change in Rates10.00%10.00%10.00%15.50%15.50%15.50%15.50%15.50%15.50%15.50%Base ChargeAnnual897.56 987.32 1,086.05 1,194.65 1,379.82 1,593.70 1,840.72 2,126.03 2,455.57 2,836.18 3,275.79 Quarterly224.39 246.83 271.51 298.66 344.96 398.42 460.18 531.51 613.89 709.04 818.95 IncreaseAnnual89.76 98.73 108.60 185.17 213.87 247.02 285.31 329.53 380.61 439.61 Quarterly22.44 24.68 27.15 46.29 53.47 61.76 71.33 82.38 95.15 109.90 Energy Adj ChargeAnnual8.00 8.80 9.68 10.65 12.30 14.20 16.41 18.95 21.89 25.28 29.20 Quarterly2.00 2.20 2.42 2.66 3.07 3.55 4.10 4.74 5.47 6.32 7.30 Projected Revenue99,629.16 109,592.08 120,551.28 132,606.41 153,160.41 176,900.27 204,319.81 235,989.38 272,567.74 314,815.73 363,612.17 Average $ Yearly Increase over 10 Yrs.:$237.82Rates are applied over a total of 111 users of which Bliss has 79 and Anderson Erikson Has 32.Total Sewer Fee Over 10 Yrs.:$19,673.37Current Est. for Private Drainfield Replacement:$17k-$20kFund 602 Big Marine Sewer Scenario B -State Bonding and ARPA ReceivedWhat are the forecasted and proposed rates for the Big Marine Sewer Utility?
Presented 1/5/2022
DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 7 of 9
This year’s budget proposal introduces a rate structure that is predicated on the allocation of the
funds that have been distributed to the City as part of the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), but
the expectation that state bond grant financing does not materialize.
Please review the following supporting documentation for this proposal including the Capital
Improvement Plan, Cash Flow Summary, and the line-item budget labeled “Proposed”.
Scenario B in the budget packet suggests how budgeting should be approached if both state and
ARPA funds are awarded. It was prepared as a template for budget and rates in the event of these
conditions. The scenario includes estimated rates, a capital improvement plan, and cash flow
summary.
Scenario C assumes the state bond grant will be awarded but not funds from the ARPA. It may be
used a template under these conditions. It includes estimated rates, a capital improvement plan, and
cash flow summary.
Scenario D assumes that there will be no financial assistance. It includes estimated rates, a capital
improvement plan, and cash flow summary.
How do each of these rate forecasts compare to one another?
Cost Comparisons
Budget Proposal - Include ARPA but Plan for No State Aid
Average $ Yearly Increase over 10 Yrs.: 237.82253
Total Sewer Fee Over 10 Yrs.: $19,673.37
Current Est. for Private Drainfield
Replacement: $17k-$20k
Scenario B- Full Funding
Average $ Yearly Increase over 10 Yrs.: $143.05
Total Sewer Fee Over 10 Yrs.: $16,632.83
Current Est. for Private Drainfield
Replacement: $17k-$20k
Scenario C- No ARPA but awarded State Aid
Average $ Yearly Increase over 10 Yrs.: $337.06
Total Sewer Fee Over 10 Yrs.: $28,697.36
Current Est. for Private Drainfield
Replacement: $17k-$20k
Scenario D- No Grant Aids
Average $ Yearly Increase over 10 Yrs.: $378.49
Total Sewer Fee Over 10 Yrs.: $30,453.94
Current Est. for Private Drainfield
Replacement: $17k-$20k
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DRAFT UTILITIES BUDGET Page 8 of 9
There are potential pairability issues when considering increased utility costs over ten years with that of the
current estimated full replacement cost of a septic system. Household systems are understood to last
anywhere from 20 to 30 years or even more. In addition, the cost estimate that has been provided for an
individual system replacement does not take into account inflation costs over that ten-year period nor does it
acknowledge that some replacement costs can currently exceed $30,000 depending on soil conditions and
other factors. However, I included it as a way to provide a perspective on how this financial support would
be a proportion to the costs that average city property owners bare being served by a residential septic system.
(I should note, it may be a worthy cause for the City to consider ways to assist private septic owners who are
not able to obtain financial relief for septic replacement costs outside of the assistance that is available
through Washington County’s SSTS and Well Low Interest Loan and Grant Program.)
The real judgement that needs to be made about rates comes down to whether or not we are able to
demonstrate that the rates themselves are both fair and just.
What are the City’s statutory responsibilities when establishing utility rates?
Minnesota Stat. §216B.03 requires the City to establish reasonable rates. It reads, “Every rate made,
demanded, or received by any public utility…shall be just and reasonable. Rates shall not be unreasonably
preferential, unreasonably prejudicial, or discriminatory, but shall be sufficient, equitable, and consistent in
application to a class of consumers… Any doubt as to reasonableness should be resolved in favor of the
consumer.”
Certainly, the costs scheduled in the Utility’s Capital Improvement Plan can be supported and justified based
on regulatory mandates and the age and condition of existing facilities. Obtaining further up-to-date facility
studies going forward will also further provide greater detailed justification. But, if we are presented with the
opportunity to fund these activities in a manner that can produce a more manageable, fair, and equitable rate
structure, should this limited opportunity be overlooked? How can rate increases of 15.5% or worse yet 25%
at yearly intervals be reasonable and just if these can be avoided?
The City is currently presented with a rare prospect to utilize federal funding to help financially stabilize a
public utility held in its trust. Funding of this nature has not come from the federal level since the early 1970s
when these systems were first originally constructed. Programing at state and federal levels have frequently
neglect the needs of publicly owned sewer and water utilities. Conversely, the pandemic significantly
pressured higher levels of government to fund more towards reliable internet.
I want to be clear; I firmly believe that broadband buildout remains a worthy and appropriate cause for the
City to financially support. I further believe that is also critical that the city maximizes intergovernmental
funds to help achieve our community buildout needs over that of tax levies. The investment is critical to
meeting the demands of both current and future citizens as we adjust to an increasingly technological and
more uncertain world. However, broadband has the attention of higher levels of government for funding,
while public sewer and water infrastructure continue to lack the same level of enthusiasm. Yet, these services
are no less critical.
The City has set aside the estimated level of funding necessary to support a broadband buildout in 2022, and
that funding plan of $319,000 remains consistent with the goals that the Internet Action Committee that were
originally supplied the City Council and my office as part of the 2022 budget process. Midco, the ISP that the
City has partnered with for internet expansion since 2019, has noted on several occasions that they will only
complete between 200 to 250 households a year in our service area, as they wish to reserve capacity to build
out in additional markets.
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If the funding presented by the City already covers the majority of that buildout cost, setting aside additional
funds will likely be unnecessary or go under-utilized. The County’s new ARPA Broadband program is
offering just shy of an additional $2 Million for buildout over 2022 and 2023. Scandia continues to be one of
the best situated communities in the County to take advantage of this program. In addition, the state has
taken the opportunity to use ARPA funds to create the largest allocation yet to the Border-to-Border
Broadband Grant Program. It included $20 Million for both the 2022 and the 2023 granting periods.
Talk of additional broadband funding to come is still going on. The Build Back Better Act, which still
has some potential to become law, proposes an additional $1.75 trillion in broadband funding nation-wide,
and it is expected that broadband will remain a major point of discussion at this upcoming state legislative
session for the next state biennium.
So, it is clear that there is still major momentum behind intergovernmental funding opportunities to support
broadband buildout. When one takes into account that the ARPA funds are not eligible under US Treasury
rules to be used to set aside for future unplanned projects or to offset funds that were to be otherwise levied
through taxes, we will be challenged to allocate towards internet needs, this is particularly so for the 2022
fiscal year.
In closing, looking at our publicly-owned utilities as being unworthy of the support of intergovernmental
funds due to its small customer base, may be inconsistent with the principal intent of the city’s statutory
responsibly toward fair and reasonable rates. It also potentially under values the broader benefits this utility
has on the environmental quality of Big Marine Lake and the greater St. Croix River Watershed, which all
who enjoy Scandia’s waters benefit from.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Ken Cammilleri Administrator
City of Scandia
*The Bliss WWTP is mandated to make treatment plant upgrades that include anaerobic digesters as
a condition of the facility's operating permit which has been exceed 10 milligrams per liter parts per
million (ppm) at one of the facility's test wells, which is now the state's new limit. The excessive
result was further investigated by testing of surrounding private wells. The results of these inquiries
have confirmed that there is currently no threat to nearby wells or the drinking water they
produce.
**Rehabilitation of Bliss' Main Lift Station (#2) was included in that state request to help the utility
obtain grant money toward this substantial cost. It can and will likely be delayed as needed should
outside funding sources not come through.