11. Enhanced Street Sweeping Funding
Staff Report
Date of Meeting: 05/03/2023
For: Honorable Mayor and Council
From: Charles Fischer – Director of Public Works
Subject: Enhanced Street Sweeping Funding
Background:
Starting in 2022, the Washington Conservation District received funding from the Lower St.
Croix Partnership to analyze streets for tree canopy cover percentage to prioritize street
sweeping zones for enhanced sweeping practices. City staff informed the District of the interest
to have Scandia roads be part of this study. Expressing interest and having the study completed
allows the City to apply for grant funding used for additional street sweeping. The grant funding
will support any sweeping above the level of service currently provided. The report attached
defines the criteria of the study in further detail.
With the study and analysis complete the City now has the ability to apply for funding of up to
$5,000.00/year with a three year commitment to the program. The grant funds can be applied
to more curb miles or increased frequency to our current program. Costs for all sweeping will
be paid by the City with reimbursement coming from the grant funds. Below are the rates for
reimbursement, also found in the attached report.
Reimbursement rates will be as follows:
Tier 1: $100/curb-mile/year (complete the MPCA credit calculator based on curb miles swept and
provide the report)
Tier 2: $125/curb-mile/year (complete the MPCA credit calculator based on the tracking of weights,
dates, and provide the report)
Tier 1 reimbursement rates of $100/ curb-mile utilize calculated material collection quantities for the
overall study of reduced phosphorus run-off.
Tier 2 reimbursement rates of $125/ curb-mile use scaled weight totals of material collected providing a
more accurate total of reduced phosphorus run-off.
Currently, the City utilizes Washington County Public Works for street sweeping of select roadways;
which include sections of road with curb and gutter or within close proximity to water bodies. During
sweeping operation Scandia Public Works provides hauling of the swept material to our Public Works
facility where it is stored. Currently the material hauled from the roadway is not weighed and to have
the ability to efficiently weigh the material, Public Works will be contacting the local gravel pit with a
request to scale each load utilizing their scale.
Further conversation with Washington County Public Works is required to understand the availability of
their staff and equipment to support additional curb mile or frequency for street sweeping. If
Washington County would not be able to provide additional service to support the program the City has
the ability to contract other vendors for the added sweeping.
In the report, the enhanced sweeping plan illustrates costs related to sweeping ‘All City Streets’.
Although potentially beneficial to sweep all City streets the current Public Works budget would
not be able to support such an endeavor. Public Works is proposing through this grant funding
to either add additional curb-mile or frequency of street sweeping to the current program. The
map below; shows the areas budgeted for street sweeping, once in the Spring and once in the
Fall by Washington County Public Works. Cost for the two street sweepings do vary year to year
depending on the volume of material collected, but average between $5,000 and $7,000/year.
Utilizing the grant funds, by the City, could potentially double the amount of street sweeping
per year.
Public Works supports the opportunity to continue to work with the Washington Conservation
District for Enhanced Street Sweeping and pursue the approval from Council to proceed with
procuring grant funds and planning for additional street sweeping starting in the Fall of 2023 or
Spring of 2024.
Fiscal Impact:
Minimal fiscal impact to the Public Works – Contracted Road Maintenance General Fund.
Options:
1) Table and continue discussion of Enhanced Street Sweeping at a future Council meeting
2) Approve Public Works to procure grant funds of $5,000/year for three years for
Enhanced Street Sweeping
3) Do not apply for grant funds for Additional Street Sweeping
Recommendation:
Option 2
Enhanced Street Sweeping Analysis
City of Scandia
Report Prepared for the City by
Funded by
In partnership with
ii
Table of Contents
Background ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
Study Areas ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Tree Canopy Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 2
Stormwater Infrastructure Considerations ............................................................................................... 2
Street Sweeping Priority Ratings .............................................................................................................. 2
Sweeping Zones and Frequency ............................................................................................................... 3
Cost and Pollutant Recovery Estimates .................................................................................................... 3
Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 3
Streets Assessed and Classified ................................................................................................................ 3
Canopy Cover ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Load Recovery and Cost Estimates ........................................................................................................... 4
Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 6
Lower St. Croix Partnership Funding Available! ........................................................................................ 6
References .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Appendices .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Appendix A: Planning Calculator Monthly Estimates – Example .............................................................. 9
Appendix B: Planning Calculator Outputs for all Street Sweeping Scenarios ......................................... 10
Appendix C: Additional Maps .................................................................................................................. 12
1
Background
Street sweeping is a cost-effective way to
reduce nutrient and sediment loads entering
lakes, streams and wetlands from storm
sewers. Sweeping is typically completed in
the spring to remove accumulated sediment
from winter road treatment, and again in the
fall to reduce leaf litter. However, trees
adjacent to roadways can be a significant
contributor of nutrient loading throughout
the year as they drop seeds, pollen, leaves,
and other organic debris. Similarly, large gaps
in traditional fall and spring sweeping
schedules give these materials time to re-
accumulate and flush into storm drains
before they can be removed.
Enhanced street sweeping is the incorporation of additional sweeping protocols, the timing and location
of which are targeted to maximize water quality protection. One way to prioritize locations for
enhanced sweeping is to quantify tree canopy cover overhanging and immediately adjacent to
roadways; this is because tree canopy cover is highly correlated with the amount of recoverable organic
materials on roadways (Kalinosky, 2015) and average total phosphorus concentrations in stormwater
runoff (Janke et al. 2017). Tree canopy data can then be combined with stormwater infrastructure
information to identify roadways likely contributing most to nutrient inputs derived from fallen tree
materials.
The Washington Conservation District received funding from the Lower St. Croix Partnership to map and
rank city streets for enhanced sweeping practices in multiple communities. The maps developed as part
of this analysis include: road canopy cover percentages, roads vs subwatersheds, and prioritized
sweeping zones (See Appendix).
The enhanced street sweeping analysis for the City of Scandia includes roads draining directly to priority
lakes as well as land that ultimately drains to the St. Croix River. This report presumes the majority of
paved streets in these drainage areas are currently swept once or twice per year in the late spring
and/or fall. However, these well-established neighborhoods contain high quantities of mature trees and
some stormwater infrastructure, resulting in several roadways that are excellent candidates for
enhanced street sweeping protocols. This report describes enhanced street sweeping scenarios that
would maximize the cost efficiency of pollutant removal from these roadways.
Methods
Study Areas
All areas within or immediately adjacent to the direct drainage area of priority lakes and the St. Croix
River were included in enhanced street sweeping considerations. Streets that drain to landlocked areas
or have low canopy cover were not considered because they are not suitable or recommended for
Figure 1. Leaves, seeds, and other tree debris accumulating in road
gutters will eventually wash into storm drains and downstream
waterbodies unless they are removed.
2
enhanced street sweeping. Subwatershed boundaries were obtained from subwatershed data
maintained by the Carnelian Marine St. Croix Watershed District.
Tree Canopy Assessment
Tree canopy cover within the study areas was analyzed following methodology in the Tree Canopy
Assessment Protocol for Enhanced Street Sweeping Prioritization, produced by Emmons and Oliver
Resources Inc. (EOR) for the Lower St. Croix Watershed Partnership (LSCWP).
First, centerline data was compiled for all
paved roadways within or immediately
adjacent to the targeted subwatershed
boundaries. Longer roads were split into
smaller sections to increase the resolution
of canopy cover estimates along them.
Next, each roadway was assigned a right-
of-way width corresponding with its
MNDOT functional classification. Right-of-
way values were then referenced to
generate a buffer around each roadway,
and deciduous tree canopy abundance
within these buffers (total percentage
areal coverage) was quantified by
intersecting them with the Twin Cities
Metro Area (TCMA) Urban Tree Canopy Classification dataset (Figure 2). Altogether, these processes
allowed for canopy cover comparisons within the study areas, and correspondingly the prioritization of
roadways most likely to contribute nutrient-rich stormwater derived from tree materials.
Stormwater Infrastructure Considerations
The subwatersheds selected for enhanced sweeping considerations contain stormwater infrastructure
such as catch basins, subsurface storm sewers, stormwater ponds, and biofiltration/bioinfiltration areas.
Where the data were available, local stormwater infrastructure was also considered for priority
sweeping zones.
Street Sweeping Priority Ratings
Once subwatersheds were delineated and stormwater infrastructure was assessed, all candidate
roadways were classified into one of three categories based on connectivity to priority lakes:
High Priority: Paved roadways/segments of roadways located within priority subwatershed
boundaries, high canopy coverage, and draining directly to a BMP and/or stormwater outfall at
the lake’s edge.
Medium Priority: Paved roadways/segments of roadways lying within priority subwatershed
boundaries and moderate canopy coverage, but not directly connected to a stormwater BMP
and/or storm sewer outfall or are separated by a large distance from the priority drainage areas.
Low Priority: Paved roadways/segments of roadways confirmed to fall outside of the
subwatershed boundaries with negligible or no connection to priority lakes through storm sewer
networks. These areas are not recommended for enhanced or additional street sweeping.
Figure 2 Roadway buffers, derived from MNDOT right-of-way widths,
within which tree canopy coverage was calculated
3
Sweeping Zones and Frequency
This enhanced sweeping plan was developed for maximum load reduction and recommended sweeping
frequencies are shown in Table 1. High priority
zones will be swept a total of 6 or 7 times per year,
medium priority 4 or 5 times, and low priority once
or twice per year. Current sweeping frequency is
referred to as “Baseline.” In optimal conditions, the
Baseline would be 2 times per year. Accordingly,
for low priority areas essentially receive no
prioritization for extra sweeping. Under optimal
conditions (where Baseline is 2 sweepings per year),
high priority zones are recommended to be swept
three times in the spring (Biweekly after snow has
melted, once during the summer, and three times in autumn (Biweekly once leaves have started falling).
Under optimal conditions (where Baseline is 2 sweepings per year), medium priority zones should be
swept twice in the spring after snowmelt and twice in the autumn after leaves have started falling.
Given the street sweeping schedules and priorities described above, three enhanced sweeping scenarios
were generated and compared: one for existing sweeping practices and three for enhanced street
sweeping options (Optimal, Option 1, and Option 2) – See Appendix B.
Cost and Pollutant Recovery Estimates
Pollutant load recovery, cost, and cost effectiveness estimates for the aforementioned sweeping
scenarios, routes, and schedules were compared using the planning calculator tool produced by
Kalinosky and others (2014), available in the Minnesota Stormwater Manual. This calculator uses
statistical models informed by tree canopy cover and MN-based street sweeping studies to predict the
amount of solids and nutrients that can be recovered through street sweeping. A cost of $172 per curb
mile, based on current estimated rates experienced by the City of Afton to contract street sweeping
services, was applied to each candidate sweeping plan to compare costs and cost effectiveness.
NOTE: Pollutant load reductions achieved through street sweeping are dependent on several factors,
such as when and how often streets are swept and the type of machinery that is used. For example,
sweeping immediately prior to a major storm event and using a regenerative-air sweeper rather than a
mechanical sweeper are both actions that will yield higher nutrient recovery rates. All load recovery,
cost, and cost effectiveness values described herein are only estimates used for relative comparisons
between candidate sweeping scenarios. The load recovery planning calculator was not calibrated with
data from water quality sampling or laboratory analyses of recovered street materials from the study
areas.
Findings and Recommendations
Streets Assessed and Classified
A total of 134.30 curb miles (street miles x 2) of candidate streets were evaluated. Of this, 41.05 curb
miles are in High, 34.37 curb miles in Medium, and 58.88 in Low Priority Zones. See Table below and
Appendix B for a breakdown of curb miles within each subwatershed. Only city roads were calculated for
curb miles, cost, and nutrient removal estimates.
Sweeping Zones Recommended
Sweeping Frequency for
Optimal Load Reduction
Baseline (Current)
Sweeping
Typically 1 or 2X Annually
Medium Priority 3 Additional Sweepings
Annually
High Priority 6 Additional Sweepings
Annually
Table 1: Street sweeping zones and recommended frequencies.
4
Canopy Cover
Average tree canopy cover for candidate streets/street segments ranged from 0% - 81%. Canopy cover
was ranked into five categories: 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, and 80-100%. Table 2 shows the
percent canopy within each of the 28 subwatersheds/zones.
Table 2: Canopy coverage by zone for city roads.
See Appendix for more details on canopy coverage and additional maps.
Load Recovery and Cost Estimates
March (or immediately following snow melt) and October are the most cost-effective times to complete
street sweeping, followed by other months in the spring and fall (Appendix A). Current Baseline street
sweeping practices yield an estimated phosphorus (P) recovery rate of 158 lbs/year at an average cost
around $146/lb P recovered. In comparison, all enhanced street sweeping scenarios explored in this
analysis yielded higher phosphorus recovery rates and improved the cost effectiveness of phosphorus
removal. Targeting only high priority streets further improved load recovery and cost effectiveness. See
Table 3 for a summary of candidate street sweeping scenarios, and Appendix B for all planning calculator
outputs.
Zone
#Major Watershed Canopy %
of Zone
Zone Curb-
Miles Priority
Canopy
Coverage
Range
Target Waterbody
Drainage
1 Birch Lake 30.3%2.18 Low Low-Med Upstream
2 Neilsen Lake 21.2%2.44 Medium Low-Med Landlocked/Impaired
3 Bone Lake 28.7%9.36 Medium Medium Impaired
4 Sea Lake 26.5%4.45 Low Low Landlocked
5 First Lake 22.2%7.12 Low Low-Med Landlocked
6 Falls Creek (Low)21.7%5.81 Low Low-Med Landlocked/Direct
7 CLFLWD 25.3%3.70 Low Low-Med Landlocked
8 German Lake 18.2%4.14 Low Low-Med Direct
9 Bone Lake (Low)12.0%8.03 Low Low Upstream
10 Goose Lake 32.1%6.19 Medium Low-Med Impaired
11 Falls Creek 50.6%3.05 Medium Medium Direct/Upstream
12 Zavorals Creek 30.3%3.78 High Low-Med Direct/Upstream
13 South Creek 46.0%1.71 High Medium Direct/Upstream
14 Gilbertsons 33.4%3.03 High Low-Med Direct/Upstream
15 Clapps Stream 36.4%5.42 High Low-Med Direct/Upstream
16 Sylvan Lake 24.8%1.91 Low Low Landlocked
17 Big Marine Lake (High)52.0%19.09 High Low-High Impaired
18 Fish Lake 38.7%4.76 Medium Low-High Impaired
19 Jellums Lake 56.9%6.53 Medium Med-High Landlocked
20 Long Lake (Scandia)37.4%2.05 Medium Low-High Impaired
21 Hay Lake 9.9%2.23 Low Low Upstream
22 Sand Lake 16.3%10.12 Low Low-Med Upstream
23 Swedish Flag 40.2%4.75 High Med-High Direct/Upstream
24 St. Croix River 62.2%0.43 High High Direct
25 Lake Alice 52.5%2.84 High Med-High Direct
26 Closed basin - New Scandia 15.8%0.52 Low Low Landlocked
27 Mill Stream 0.7%0.97 Low Low Upstream
28 Big Marine Lake (Low)12.7%7.71 Low Low Upstream
Total 134.30
Zones Summary
5
Figure 3: Street Sweeping Zones. Note: County roads are shown for reference only, and are not included in cost and nutrient removal calculations.
6
Recommendations
To maximize cost effectiveness for phosphorus removal and water quality benefits to the City, two
Options are recommended. Option 1 would reduce annual TP loads by 471 lbs/yr with a total cost of
approximately $70,224/year. Option 2 would reduce annual TP loads by 222 lbs/yr with a total cost of
approximately $30,160/year. Many factors may change these costs, such as necessity to hire multiple
contractors. Further, if additional funds are identified higher sweeping frequencies may become the
preferred alternative.
Table 3: Load reductions and cost estimates for existing and candidate sweeping practices in the priority watersheds for city
streets.
In summary, the recommended street sweeping schedule(s) would benefit water quality in the City and
for downstream water bodies. Sweeping immediately following snowmelt removes accumulated winter
pollutants before they can be flushed into sewers by heavy spring rains. Sweeping in the fall removes
leaf litter and other organic debris identified as major contributors to nutrient loads in stormwater. An
additional sweeping on priority roads during these seasons will further reduce accumulated pollutants in
street gutters, such as pollen and seeds in the late spring and leaves that continue blowing/ falling onto
roads following the initial autumnal leaf-drop and sweeping.
Lower St. Croix Partnership Funding Available!
The Lower St. Croix Watershed Partnership (LSCWP) has allocated funds to enhance street sweeping
operations for interested communities, including increased sweeping in late spring, early summer, and
fall in areas with medium to high tree canopy that direct connect and flow to priority water bodies. In
this analysis, Option 2 is designed to provide the highest water quality benefit and cost efficiency if the
only additional funding used for sweeping, in addition to baseline practices, is the reimbursement funds
provided by the LSCWP.
Reimbursement rates will be as follows:
Tier 1: $100/curb-mile/year (complete the MPCA credit calculator based on curb miles swept and
provide the report)
Tier 2: $125/curb-mile/year (complete the MPCA credit calculator based on the tracking of weights,
dates, and provide the report)
Month Swept Existing
Street Priority:(All Streets)High Medium Low High Medium Low High Medium Low
Frequency
March - 1 1 - 1 - - - - -
April - 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 - -
May - 1 - - 1 - - - - -
June - 1 - - - - - - - -
October 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
November - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - -
Total Curb-miles/Year 134.30
Est. Sweeping 23,100.13$
Est. Phosphorus 158.00
Average Cost lb/P 146.20$
408.28 175.35
93,324.45$ 70,224.32$ 30,160.08$
Load Reductions and Cost Estimates
Optimal Load Reduction Plan Option #1 Option #2
Frequency Frequency Frequency
571.90 471.10 221.60
163.18$ 149.06$ 136.10$
542.58
7
To apply for a grant, interested communities can work with their local LSCWP contact. Participating
communities will be responsible for implementing their customized enhanced sweeping plan over three
years that will include annual incentive payments adding up to (but not to exceeding) $5,000 per year.
8
References
Anoka Conservation District (ACD). Enhanced Street Sweeping Analysis: Martin and Linwood Lakes.
2023.
Lower St. Croix Watershed Partnership (LSCWP) and Emmons and Oliver Resources Inc. (EOR). Tree
Canopy Assessment Protocol for Enhanced Street Sweeping Prioritization. 2022.
Janke, Benjamin D., Jacques C. Finlay, and Sarah E. Hobbie. 2017. Trees and Streets as Drivers of Urban
Stormwater Nutrient Pollution. Sci. Technol. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02225 Environ.
Kalinosky, P., L.A. Baker, S.E. Hobbie, R. Binter, and C. Buyarski. 2014. User Support Manual: Estimating
Nutrient Removal by Enhanced Street Sweeping. Minneapolis, MN.
Kalinosky, P.M. 2015. Quantifying Solids and Nutrient Recovered Through Street Sweeping in a Suburban
Watershed. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN.
9
Appendices
Appendix A: Planning Calculator Monthly Estimates – Example
10
Appendix B: Planning Calculator Outputs for all Street Sweeping Scenarios (City Streets Only)
Zone
#Major Watershed Zone Curb-
Miles Priority Baseline
Frequency
Cost per Curb-
Mile
Baseline sweeping,
Curb-Miles
Enhanced
Sweeping
(Over Baseline)
Enhanced Curb-
Miles (Over
Baseline)
Total Curb-Miles
(Baseline
+Enhanced)
Baseline
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Baseline Predicted
Phosporus
Removal (lb)
Enhanced
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Enhanced Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(lb)
Total Predicted Solids
Removed (Baseline +
Enhanced, lbs)
Total Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(Baseline + Enhanced,
lbs)
Baseline Cost
(2x per year)
Enhanced Cost
(Over
Baseline)
Total Cost for
Enahnced Sweeping
+ Baseline
Average
Cost($)/lb P
removed
1 Birch Lake 2.18 Low 2 172.00$ 4.36 - - 4.36 5,089 3.3 - - 5,089 3.3 749.92$ -$ 749.92$ 227.25$
2 Neilsen Lake 2.44 Medium 2 172.00$ 4.88 2 4.88 9.76 4,376 2.7 4,174 2.0 8,550 4.7 839.36$ 839.36$ 1,678.72$ 357.17$
3 Bone Lake 9.36 Medium 2 172.00$ 18.72 2 18.72 37.44 22,822 14.5 21,768 10.8 44,590 25.3 3,219.84$ 3,219.84$ 6,439.68$ 254.53$
4 Sea Lake 4.45 Low 2 172.00$ 8.90 - - 8.90 9,915 6.2 - - 9,915 6.2 1,530.80$ -$ 1,530.80$ 246.90$
5 First Lake 7.12 Low 2 172.00$ 14.24 - - 14.24 13,304 8.3 - - 13,304 8.3 2,449.47$ -$ 2,449.47$ 295.12$
6 Falls Creek (Low)5.81 Low 2 172.00$ 11.62 - - 11.62 10,636 6.6 - - 10,636 6.6 1,998.64$ -$ 1,998.64$ 302.82$
7 FLCLWD 3.70 Low 2 172.00$ 7.40 - - 7.40 7,849 4.9 - - 7,849 4.9 1,272.18$ -$ 1,272.18$ 259.63$
8 German Lake 4.14 Low 2 172.00$ 8.28 - - 8.28 6,567 4.0 - - 6,567 4.0 1,424.16$ -$ 1,424.16$ 356.04$
9 Bone Lake (Low)8.03 Low 2 172.00$ 16.06 - - 16.06 9,882 6.0 - - 9,882 6.0 2,762.32$ -$ 2,762.32$ 460.39$
10 Goose Lake 6.19 Medium 2 172.00$ 12.38 2 12.38 24.76 17,347 11.1 16,546 8.3 33,893 19.4 2,129.36$ 2,129.36$ 4,258.72$ 219.52$
11 Falls Creek 3.05 Medium 2 172.00$ 6.09 2 6.09 12.19 18,230 12.3 17,390 9.3 35,620 21.6 1,047.98$ 1,047.98$ 2,095.96$ 97.04$
12 Zavorals Creek 3.78 High 2 172.00$ 7.55 5 18.88 26.44 9,840 6.3 16,776 9.6 26,616 15.9 1,299.14$ 3,247.86$ 4,547.00$ 285.97$
13 South Creek 1.71 High 2 172.00$ 3.43 5 8.56 11.99 8,466 2.6 14,433 11.7 22,899 14.3 589.16$ 1,472.89$ 2,062.04$ 144.20$
14 Gilbertsons 3.03 High 2 172.00$ 6.06 5 15.14 21.20 8,955 5.8 15,267 8.8 24,222 14.6 1,041.60$ 2,604.01$ 3,645.62$ 249.70$
15 Clapps Stream 5.42 High 2 172.00$ 10.84 5 27.10 37.94 18,113 11.8 30,878 18.0 48,991 29.8 1,864.48$ 4,661.20$ 6,525.68$ 218.98$
16 Sylvan Lake 1.91 Low 2 172.00$ 3.82 - - 3.82 3,970 2.5 - - 3,970 2.5 657.04$ -$ 657.04$ 262.82$
17 Big Marine Lake 19.09 High 2 172.00$ 38.18 5 95.45 133.63 120,836 82.2 205,997 126.0 326,833 208.2 6,566.96$ 16,417.40$ 22,984.36$ 110.40$
18 Fish Lake 4.76 Medium 2 172.00$ 9.51 2 9.51 19.03 17,478 11.4 16,672 8.6 34,150 20.0 1,636.39$ 1,636.39$ 3,272.79$ 163.64$
19 Jellums Lake 6.53 Medium 2 172.00$ 13.06 2 13.06 26.12 50,517 34.8 48,186 26.1 98,703 60.9 2,246.32$ 2,246.32$ 4,492.64$ 73.77$
20 Long Lake (Scandia)2.05 Medium 2 172.00$ 4.10 2 4.10 8.20 7,137 4.6 6,808 3.5 13,945 8.1 705.20$ 705.20$ 1,410.40$ 174.12$
21 Hay Lake 2.23 Low 2 172.00$ 4.46 - - 4.46 2,518 1.5 - - 2,518 1.5 767.12$ -$ 767.12$ 511.41$
22 Sand Lake 10.12 Low 2 172.00$ 20.24 - - 20.24 14,851 9.1 - - 14,851 9.1 3,481.28$ -$ 3,481.28$ 382.56$
23 Swedish Flag 4.75 High 2 172.00$ 9.50 5 23.75 33.25 18,546 12.2 31,617 18.7 50,163 30.9 1,633.81$ 4,084.54$ 5,718.35$ 185.06$
24 St. Croix River 0.43 High 2 172.00$ 0.87 5 2.16 3.03 4,133 2.9 7,045 4.4 11,178 7.3 148.90$ 372.26$ 521.16$ 71.39$
25 Lake Alice 2.84 High 2 172.00$ 5.67 5 14.18 19.86 18,349 12.5 31,279 19.2 49,628 31.7 975.83$ 2,439.58$ 3,415.41$ 107.74$
26 closed basin - New Scandia 0.52 Low 2 172.00$ 1.03 - - 1.03 748 0.5 - - 748 0.5 177.51$ -$ 177.51$ 355.02$
27 Mill Stream 0.97 Low 2 172.00$ 1.94 - - 1.94 752 0.4 - - 752 0.4 333.23$ -$ 333.23$ 833.06$
28 Big Marine Lake (Low)7.71 Low 2 172.00$ 15.42 - - 15.42 9,764 5.9 - - 9,764 5.9 2,652.24$ -$ 2,652.24$ 449.53$
134.30 268.61 273.98 542.58 440,990 286.9 484,836 285.0 925,826 571.9 46,200.26$ 47,124.19$ 93,324.45$ 163.18$
Optimal Load Reduction Plan
Zone
#:Major Watershed Zone Curb-
Miles Priority Baseline
Frequency
Cost per Curb-
Mile
Baseline sweeping,
Curb-Miles
Enhanced
Sweeping
(Over Baseline)
Enhanced Curb-
Miles (Over
Baseline)
Total Curb-Miles
(Baseline
+Enhanced)
Baseline
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Baseline Predicted
Phosporus
Removal (lb)
Enhanced
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Enhanced Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(lb)
Total Predicted Solids
Removed (Baseline +
Enhanced, lbs)
Total Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(Baseline + Enhanced,
lbs)
Baseline Cost
(2x per year)
Enhanced Cost
(Over
Baseline)
Total Cost for
Enahnced Sweeping
+ Baseline
Average
Cost($)/lb P
removed
1 Birch Lake 2.18 Low 1 172.00$ 2.18 - - 2.18 2,497 2.0 - - 2,497 2.0 374.96$ -$ 374.96$ 187.48$
2 Neilsen Lake 2.44 Medium 1 172.00$ 2.44 2 4.88 7.32 1,925 1.5 3,854 2.1 5,779 3.6 419.68$ 839.36$ 1,259.04$ 349.73$
3 Bone Lake 9.36 Medium 1 172.00$ 9.36 2 18.72 28.08 10,039 7.9 20,098 11.1 30,137 19.0 1,609.92$ 3,219.84$ 4,829.76$ 254.20$
4 Sea Lake 4.45 Low 1 172.00$ 4.45 - - 4.45 4,362 3.4 - - 4,362 3.4 765.40$ -$ 765.40$ 225.12$
5 First Lake 7.12 Low 1 172.00$ 7.12 - - 7.12 5,852 4.5 - - 5,852 4.5 1,224.74$ -$ 1,224.74$ 272.16$
6 Falls Creek (Low)5.81 Low 1 172.00$ 5.81 - - 5.81 4,679 3.6 - - 4,679 3.6 999.32$ -$ 999.32$ 277.59$
7 FLCLWD 3.70 Low 1 172.00$ 3.70 - - 3.70 3,453 2.7 - - 3,453 2.7 636.09$ -$ 636.09$ 235.59$
8 German Lake 4.14 Low 1 172.00$ 4.14 - - 4.14 2,889 2.2 - - 2,889 2.2 712.08$ -$ 712.08$ 323.67$
9 Bone Lake (Low)8.03 Low 1 172.00$ 8.03 - - 8.03 4,347 3.2 - - 4,347 3.2 1,381.16$ -$ 1,381.16$ 431.61$
10 Goose Lake 6.19 Medium 1 172.00$ 6.19 2 12.38 18.57 7,631 6.1 15,276 8.5 22,907 14.6 1,064.68$ 2,129.36$ 3,194.04$ 218.77$
11 Falls Creek 3.05 Medium 1 172.00$ 3.05 2 6.09 9.14 8,020 6.7 16,054 9.5 24,074 16.2 523.99$ 1,047.98$ 1,571.97$ 97.04$
12 Zavorals Creek 3.78 High 1 172.00$ 3.78 5 18.88 22.66 4,329 3.4 19,891 11.0 24,220 14.4 649.57$ 3,247.86$ 3,897.43$ 270.65$
13 South Creek 1.71 High 1 172.00$ 1.71 5 8.56 10.28 3,724 3.1 17,114 9.8 20,838 12.9 294.58$ 1,472.89$ 1,767.47$ 137.01$
14 Gilbertsons 3.03 High 1 172.00$ 3.03 5 15.14 18.17 3,940 3.1 18,102 10.1 22,042 13.2 520.80$ 2,604.01$ 3,124.81$ 236.73$
15 Clapps Stream 5.42 High 1 172.00$ 5.42 5 27.10 32.52 7,968 6.4 36,613 20.5 44,581 26.9 932.24$ 4,661.20$ 5,593.44$ 207.93$
16 Sylvan Lake 1.91 Low 1 172.00$ 1.91 - - 1.91 1,746 1.4 - - 1,746 1.4 328.52$ -$ 328.52$ 234.66$
17 Big Marine Lake 19.09 High 1 172.00$ 19.09 5 95.45 114.54 53,156 44.8 244,256 143.2 297,412 188.0 3,283.48$ 16,417.40$ 19,700.88$ 104.79$
18 Fish Lake 4.76 Medium 1 172.00$ 4.76 2 9.51 14.27 7,689 6.2 15,391 8.8 23,080 15.0 818.20$ 1,636.39$ 2,454.59$ 163.64$
19 Jellums Lake 6.53 Medium 1 172.00$ 6.53 2 13.06 19.59 22,222 19.0 44,487 26.8 66,709 45.8 1,123.16$ 2,246.32$ 3,369.48$ 73.57$
20 Long Lake (Scandia)2.05 Medium 1 172.00$ 2.05 2 4.10 6.15 3,140 2.5 6,285 3.6 9,425 6.1 352.60$ 705.20$ 1,057.80$ 173.41$
21 Hay Lake 2.23 Low 1 172.00$ 2.23 - - 2.23 1,108 0.8 - - 1,108 0.8 383.56$ -$ 383.56$ 479.45$
22 Sand Lake 10.12 Low 1 172.00$ 10.12 - - 10.12 6,533 4.9 - - 6,533 4.9 1,740.64$ -$ 1,740.64$ 355.23$
23 Swedish Flag 4.75 High 1 172.00$ 4.75 5 23.75 28.50 8,159 6.6 37,489 21.3 45,648 27.9 816.91$ 4,084.54$ 4,901.44$ 175.68$
24 St. Croix River 0.43 High 1 172.00$ 0.43 5 2.16 2.60 1,818 1.6 8,354 5.0 10,172 6.6 74.45$ 372.26$ 446.71$ 67.68$
25 Lake Alice 2.84 High 1 172.00$ 2.84 5 14.18 17.02 8,072 6.8 37,089 21.8 45,161 28.6 487.92$ 2,439.58$ 2,927.50$ 102.36$
26 closed basin - New Scandia 0.52 Low 1 172.00$ 0.52 - - 0.52 329 0.2 - - 329 0.2 88.76$ -$ 88.76$ 443.78$
27 Mill Stream 0.97 Low 1 172.00$ 0.97 - - 0.97 331 0.2 - - 331 0.2 166.61$ -$ 166.61$ 833.06$
28 Big Marine Lake (Low)7.71 Low 1 172.00$ 7.71 - - 7.71 4,295 3.2 - - 4,295 3.2 1,326.12$ -$ 1,326.12$ 414.41$
134.30 134.30 273.98 408.28 194,253 158.0 540,353 313.1 734,606 471.1 23,100.13$ 47,124.19$ 70,224.32$ 149.06$
Option #1
11
Zone
#:Major Watershed Zone Curb-
Miles Priority Baseline
Frequency
Cost per Curb-
Mile
Baseline sweeping,
Curb-Miles
Enhanced
Sweeping
(Over Baseline)
Enhanced Curb-
Miles (Over
Baseline)
Total Curb-Miles
(Baseline
+Enhanced)
Baseline
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Baseline Predicted
Phosporus
Removal (lb)
Enhanced
Predicted Solids
Removed (lb)
Enhanced Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(lb)
Total Predicted Solids
Removed (Baseline +
Enhanced, lbs)
Total Predicted
Phosporus Removal
(Baseline + Enhanced,
lbs)
Baseline Cost
(2x per year)
Enhanced Cost
(Over
Baseline)
Total Cost for
Enahnced Sweeping
+ Baseline
Average
Cost($)/lb P
removed
1 Birch Lake 2.18 Low 1 172.00$ 2.18 - - 2.18 2,497 2.0 - - 2,497 2.0 374.96$ -$ 374.96$ 187.48$
2 Neilsen Lake 2.44 Medium 1 172.00$ 2.44 - - 2.44 1,925 1.5 - - 1,925 1.5 419.68$ -$ 419.68$ 279.79$
3 Bone Lake 9.36 Medium 1 172.00$ 9.36 - - 9.36 10,039 7.9 - - 10,039 7.9 1,609.92$ -$ 1,609.92$ 203.79$
4 Sea Lake 4.45 Low 1 172.00$ 4.45 - - 4.45 4,362 3.4 - - 4,362 3.4 765.40$ -$ 765.40$ 225.12$
5 First Lake 7.12 Low 1 172.00$ 7.12 - - 7.12 5,852 4.5 - - 5,852 4.5 1,224.74$ -$ 1,224.74$ 272.16$
6 Falls Creek (Low)5.81 Low 1 172.00$ 5.81 - - 5.81 4,679 3.6 - - 4,679 3.6 999.32$ -$ 999.32$ 277.59$
7 CLFLWD 3.70 Low 1 172.00$ 3.70 - - 3.70 3,453 2.7 - - 3,453 2.7 636.09$ -$ 636.09$ 235.59$
8 German Lake 4.14 Low 1 172.00$ 4.14 - - 4.14 2,889 2.2 - - 2,889 2.2 712.08$ -$ 712.08$ 323.67$
9 Bone Lake (Low)8.03 Low 1 172.00$ 8.03 - - 8.03 4,347 3.2 - - 4,347 3.2 1,381.16$ -$ 1,381.16$ 431.61$
10 Goose Lake 6.19 Medium 1 172.00$ 6.19 - - 6.19 7,631 6.1 - - 7,631 6.1 1,064.68$ -$ 1,064.68$ 174.54$
11 Falls Creek 3.05 Medium 1 172.00$ 3.05 - - 3.05 8,020 6.7 - - 8,020 6.7 523.99$ -$ 523.99$ 78.21$
12 Zavorals Creek 3.78 High 1 172.00$ 3.78 1 3.78 7.55 4,329 3.4 5,511 2.9 9,840 6.3 649.57$ 649.57$ 1,299.14$ 206.21$
13 South Creek 1.71 High 1 172.00$ 1.71 1 1.71 3.43 3,724 3.1 4,742 2.6 8,466 5.7 294.58$ 294.58$ 589.16$ 103.36$
14 Gilbertsons 3.03 High 1 172.00$ 3.03 1 3.03 6.06 3,940 3.1 5,015 2.7 8,955 5.8 520.80$ 520.80$ 1,041.60$ 179.59$
15 Clapps Stream 5.42 High 1 172.00$ 5.42 1 5.42 10.84 7,968 6.4 10,145 5.4 18,113 11.8 932.24$ 932.24$ 1,864.48$ 158.01$
16 Sylvan Lake 1.91 Low 1 172.00$ 1.91 - - 1.91 1,746 1.4 - - 1,746 1.4 328.52$ -$ 328.52$ 234.66$
17 Big Marine Lake (High)19.09 High 1 172.00$ 19.09 1 19.09 38.18 53,156 44.8 67,680 37.4 120,836 82.2 3,283.48$ 3,283.48$ 6,566.96$ 79.89$
18 Fish Lake 4.76 Medium 1 172.00$ 4.76 - - 4.76 7,689 6.2 - - 7,689 6.2 818.20$ -$ 818.20$ 131.97$
19 Jellums Lake 6.53 Medium 1 172.00$ 6.53 - - 6.53 22,222 19.0 - - 22,222 19.0 1,123.16$ -$ 1,123.16$ 59.11$
20 Long Lake (Scandia)2.05 Medium 1 172.00$ 2.05 - - 2.05 3,140 2.5 - - 3,140 2.5 352.60$ -$ 352.60$ 141.04$
21 Hay Lake 2.23 Low 1 172.00$ 2.23 - - 2.23 1,108 0.8 - - 1,108 0.8 383.56$ -$ 383.56$ 479.45$
22 Sand Lake 10.12 Low 1 172.00$ 10.12 - - 10.12 6,533 4.9 - - 6,533 4.9 1,740.64$ -$ 1,740.64$ 355.23$
23 Swedish Flag 4.75 High 1 172.00$ 4.75 1 4.75 9.50 8,159 6.6 10,387 5.6 18,546 12.2 816.91$ 816.91$ 1,633.81$ 133.92$
24 St. Croix River 0.43 High 1 172.00$ 0.43 1 0.43 0.87 1,818 1.6 2,315 1.3 4,133 2.9 74.45$ 74.45$ 148.90$ 51.35$
25 Lake Alice 2.84 High 1 172.00$ 2.84 1 2.84 5.67 8,072 6.8 10,277 5.7 18,349 12.5 487.92$ 487.92$ 975.83$ 78.07$
26 closed basin - New Scandia 0.52 Low 1 172.00$ 0.52 - - 0.52 329 0.2 - - 329 0.2 88.76$ -$ 88.76$ 443.78$
27 Mill Stream 0.97 Low 1 172.00$ 0.97 - - 0.97 331 0.2 - - 331 0.2 166.61$ -$ 166.61$ 833.06$
28 Big Marine Lake (Low)7.71 Low 1 172.00$ 7.71 - - 7.71 4,295 3.2 - - 4,295 3.2 1,326.12$ -$ 1,326.12$ 414.41$
134.30 134.30 41.05 175.35 194,253 158.0 116,072 63.6 310,325 221.6 23,100.13$ 7,059.95$ 30,160.08$ 136.10$
Option #2
12
Appendix C: Additional Maps
13